As the die and workpiece are maintained at the same temperature, die chilling is eliminated, thereby resulting in uniform deformation of the material.
The inherent advantage of the process can be used to produce net to near-net shape components with fewer processing steps. Further, forgings with small corners and fillet radii, less draft angles and smaller forge envelopes can be produced, leading to optimum utilisation of the materials.
A high degree of control can be exercised over the processing parameters and forging can be carried out at very slow strain rates, thereby reducing the load required to process strain-rate sensitive materials like titanium alloys. All these lead to a high degree of consistency in the structure and property that can be achieved from one forging to another. Isothermal forging is a hot working process that attempts to maintain the work piece at its maximum elevated temperature throughout the entire operation.
This is achieved by heating the die to the temperature of, or slightly below the temperature of the starting work piece. As forces exerted by the die form the work, cooling of the work piece between the mold work interface is eliminated, and thus flow characteristics of the metal are greatly improved. Isothermal forging may or may not be performed in a vacuum. Equipment costs for this manufacturing process are high, and the added expense of this type of operation should be justified on a case by case basis.
As an industrial process isothermal forging is competing with the other more classical technologies for closed die forging. It must also be said that for some components it is possible to finish forge in one step after having performed with different equipment. Apart of the mentioned potential saving factors the isothermal forging process also calls for aspects which render its application, if not less attractive, at least less competitive. Tooling made of heat resistant alloys is 2 — 3 times more expensive than conventional dies.
Following the above considerations application of isothermally produced forgings are almost exclusively used for safety critical components for aerospace and jet engines. Figure 1: Isothermal forging. References 1. Materials Science. Advanced Materials Research.
Defect and Diffusion Forum. Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications. Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials. Journal of Nano Research. Key Engineering Materials. Materials Science Forum. Nano Hybrids and Composites. Solid State Phenomena. Engineering Series. Advances in Science and Technology. Construction Technologies and Architecture. Building Materials.
General Engineering. Mechanical Engineering. Bioscience and Medicine. Civil Engineering. Information Technologies. Industrial Engineering. Environmental Engineering. Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering. Specialized Collections. Retrospective Collection. Home Isothermal Forging. Papers by Keyword: Isothermal Forging. Paper Title Page.
Authors: Markus Bambach, Michael Herty. Abstract: Isothermal forging processes are typically used for near-net shaping of high-performance components such as turbine discs and blades. Recent developments have introduced isothermally forged titanium aluminides into commercial jet engines. Copyright: The Open University.
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