It was invented by the Chinese about years ago. Black powder is used to launch aerials and also causes the explosions necessary for special effects like noise or colored light. In sparklers, black powder is mixed with metal powders and other chemical compounds in a form that will burn slowly, top to bottom.
In simple firework rockets, black powder is confined in a tube around a fuse. When lit, the powder creates a force that results in an equal and opposite reaction.
This pushes the firework off the ground and causes the compounds inside it to explode in the air. More complex fireworks shells are launched from a mortar, a tube with black powder that causes a lift-off reaction when lit.
These compounds are in little balls called stars , made of a similar compound to what makes a sparkler work. Different metals burn in different colors. For example, if a copper compound is lit, its flame will be a blue-green color. Image Source: Pixabay. Every year millions of people gather to view fireworks on the 4th of July. But how exactly do fireworks emit their colors and pops?
Sparkler -- Image Source: Pixabay. There are 2 types of fireworks, the first is called a sparkler and the other is known as a firecracker. Most fireworks that are sold in the United States are of the sparkler variety where they emit showers of colored flames, sparks, noises and other effects. They are often hand-held and generally safer then a firecracker firework!
Firecrackers have been around for hundreds of years. Stars come in all shapes and sizes, but you can imagine a simple star as something like sparkler compound formed into a ball the size of a pea or a dime. The stars are poured into the tube and then surrounded by black powder.
When the fuse burns into the shell, it ignites the bursting charge, causing the shell to explode. The explosion ignites the outside of the stars, which begin to burn with bright showers of sparks. Since the explosion throws the stars in all directions, you get the huge sphere of sparkling light that is so familiar at fireworks displays.
The Chemistry of Fireworks. Incandescenc e is the emission of light caused by high temperature. As a substance heats up it emits colors in different stages starting with infrared, then red, orange, yellow, and white as it becomes increasingly hotter. When heated, atoms in the metal compounds absorb energy, causing their electrons to rearrange from their lowest energy state to a higher "excited" state.
As the electrons plummet back down to their lower energy state, the excess energy gets emitted as light. Related: 5 dazzling facts about fireworks. Each chemical element releases a different amount of energy, and this energy is what determines the color or wavelength of the light that is emitted. For instance, when sodium nitrate is heated, electrons in the sodium atoms absorb the energy and get excited. Despite being invented in China almost 1, years ago, fireworks involve some pretty sophisticated science.
The spectacular colours are the result of metal compounds combining with oxidisers that supply oxygen.
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