The left renal vein is longer than the right. Variations in renal vein anatomy usually affect the left renal vein rather than the right. Although most patients with these anatomic variations are asymptomatic, it is important to know about them if kidney surgery is being planned. People may have two left renal veins, one of which passes in front of the aorta, while the other passes behind. The kidneys rid the blood of excess or toxic substances, excreting them into the urine.
The kidneys also control the amount of water and dissolved substances removed from the blood, ensuring a constant volume and composition of body fluids. Once blood has been processed by the kidneys, it is returned to the heart via the renal veins.
The renal veins can be affected by medical conditions that impeded the flow of blood. Renal Vein Thrombosis. In newborns, severe dehydration may also result in renal vein thrombosis.
People with renal vein thrombosis may or may not have symptoms. Symptoms are more likely if the clot developed quickly and may include flank pain, hematuria blood in the urine , or acute renal failure. Renal vein thrombosis which has developed slowly may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered incidentally with imaging studies. Clots which develop in the renal vein may break loose and travel to the lungs, a condition called pulmonary embolism.
Nutcracker Syndrome. Nutcracker syndrome is a disorder caused by compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery SMA. Recall that the longer left renal vein has to pass in front of the aorta and behind the SMA before it reaches the inferior vena cava.
In some patients, the angle between the SMA and the aorta becomes narrow, compressing the left renal vein in the process. Nutcracker syndrome is a vaguely defined condition with no agreement on the exact cause or diagnostic criteria. There is an association with thin body types, and it is thought that the lack of intra-abdominal fat between the SMA and aorta may cause narrowing of the angle between the vessels.
Patients with nutcracker syndrome may develop flank pain, hematuria blood in the urine , or proteinuria protein in the urine. Feb 5, Related questions How does diabetes affect the urinary system? Why does glucose "spill" into the urine in diabetes?
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